Stacks

Stacks are flexbox shortcuts: vstack lines items up vertically, hstack horizontally, and the gap utilities space them evenly. Push an item to the far side with ms-auto and separate groups with a vertical rule.

1Horizontal toolbar

hstack with gap-2 lines up buttons; ms-auto pushes the last group to the far end.

<div class="hstack gap-2 p-2 border rounded-md bg-surface-3">
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary"><i class="bi bi-plus-lg" aria-hidden="true"></i> New</button>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-secondary"><i class="bi bi-upload" aria-hidden="true"></i> Import</button>
  <div class="vr">
  </div>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-light" aria-label="Filter"><i class="bi bi-funnel" aria-hidden="true"></i></button>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-light ms-auto" aria-label="Settings"><i class="bi bi-gear" aria-hidden="true"></i></button>
</div>

2Vertical sign-in form

vstack with gap-3 spaces the fields of a compact form without margin utilities.

<form class="vstack gap-4" style="max-width:22rem">
  <div>
    <label class="form-label" for="hp-email-1236">Email</label>
    <input class="form-control" id="hp-email-1236" type="email" autocomplete="email">
  </div>
  <div>
    <label class="form-label" for="hp-pass-1237">Password</label>
    <input class="form-control" id="hp-pass-1237" type="password" autocomplete="current-password">
  </div>
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Sign in</button>
  <a class="small text-center" href="#">Forgot your password?</a> 
</form>

3Profile row

An avatar, a name and role block and a follow button in one hstack.

Nadia Brennan Product Designer · Porto

<div class="hstack gap-4 p-4 border rounded-md">
  <img src="../assets/img/avatar-9.svg" alt="Nadia Brennan" width="48" height="48" class="rounded-full"> 
  <div class="vstack gap-0">
    <strong>Nadia Brennan</strong> <small class="text-muted">Product Designer &middot; Porto</small> 
  </div>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-primary ms-auto">Follow</button>
</div>

4Notification list

A vstack of notification items, each an hstack of icon, message and time.

We keep things simple, so you can focus on what matters to you.

16 hours ago

Friendly people answer your questions quickly, by phone, chat or email.

58 min ago

Our team has done this many times, so you never have to guess.

7 min ago

<div class="vstack gap-2">
  <div class="hstack gap-4 items-start p-2 border rounded-md">
    <span class="text-success-emphasis text-lg"><i class="bi bi-bag-check" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>
    <div class="small">
      We keep things simple, so you can focus on what matters to you.
    </div>
    <small class="ms-auto whitespace-nowrap text-muted">16 hours ago</small>
  </div>
  <div class="hstack gap-4 items-start p-2 border rounded-md">
    <span class="text-primary-ink text-lg"><i class="bi bi-chat-left-text" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>
    <div class="small">
      Friendly people answer your questions quickly, by phone, chat or email.
    </div>
    <small class="ms-auto whitespace-nowrap text-muted">58 min ago</small>
  </div>
  <div class="hstack gap-4 items-start p-2 border rounded-md">
    <span class="text-warning-emphasis text-lg"><i class="bi bi-exclamation-triangle" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>
    <div class="small">
      Our team has done this many times, so you never have to guess.
    </div>
    <small class="ms-auto whitespace-nowrap text-muted">7 min ago</small>
  </div>
</div>

5Centred button stack

vstack with col-md-5 mx-auto centres full-width buttons, as on a mobile landing screen.

Free for 7 days, no card needed

<div class="vstack gap-2 col-md-5 mx-auto">
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Create an account</button>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-secondary">I already have one</button>
  <small class="text-center text-muted">Free for 7 days, no card needed</small> 
</div>

6Stacked feature cards

Cards stacked with vstack gap-3; inside each card an hstack pairs the icon with its text.

Volunteer network

Every donation is tax-deductible, and receipts arrive by email instantly.

Local partners

Ninety cents of every dollar goes directly to the projects you support.

Volunteer network

Companies can match employee donations and double their impact.

<div class="vstack gap-4">
  <div class="card">
    <div class="card-body hstack gap-4">
      <span class="text-2xl text-primary-ink"><i class="bi bi-shield-check" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>
      <div>
        <h3 class="h6 mb-1">Volunteer network</h3>
        <p class="small mb-0">Every donation is tax-deductible, and receipts arrive by email instantly.</p>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="card">
    <div class="card-body hstack gap-4">
      <span class="text-2xl text-primary-ink"><i class="bi bi-people" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>
      <div>
        <h3 class="h6 mb-1">Local partners</h3>
        <p class="small mb-0">Ninety cents of every dollar goes directly to the projects you support.</p>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="card">
    <div class="card-body hstack gap-4">
      <span class="text-2xl text-primary-ink"><i class="bi bi-graph-up" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>
      <div>
        <h3 class="h6 mb-1">Volunteer network</h3>
        <p class="small mb-0">Companies can match employee donations and double their impact.</p>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

7Inline subscribe form

An hstack holding an input, a button and a divider link, a common newsletter pattern.

<form class="hstack gap-2">
  <label class="sr-only" for="hp-q-1238">Email address</label>
  <input class="form-control me-auto" id="hp-q-1238" type="email" placeholder="you@example.com"> 
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-secondary">Subscribe</button>
  <div class="vr">
  </div>
  <button type="reset" class="btn btn-outline-danger">Reset</button>
</form>

8Pricing feature list

A vstack of check-mark rows inside a pricing card.

Business

$32.70 / month

Volunteer network

Impact tracking

Transparent reports

Tax receipts

Secure giving

<div class="card" style="max-width:22rem">
  <div class="card-body vstack gap-2">
    <h3 class="h5 mb-0">Business</h3>
    <p class="text-2xl font-bold mb-1">$32.70<small class="text-base font-normal text-muted"> / month</small></p>
    <div class="hstack gap-2">
      <span class="text-success-emphasis"><i class="bi bi-check-circle-fill" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Volunteer network
    </div>
    <div class="hstack gap-2">
      <span class="text-success-emphasis"><i class="bi bi-check-circle-fill" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Impact tracking
    </div>
    <div class="hstack gap-2">
      <span class="text-success-emphasis"><i class="bi bi-check-circle-fill" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Transparent reports
    </div>
    <div class="hstack gap-2">
      <span class="text-success-emphasis"><i class="bi bi-check-circle-fill" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Tax receipts
    </div>
    <div class="hstack gap-2">
      <span class="text-success-emphasis"><i class="bi bi-check-circle-fill" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Secure giving
    </div>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary mt-2">Choose plan</button>
  </div>
</div>

9Footer link row

hstack with flex-wrap and gap-3 for a row of footer links that wraps on narrow screens.

<footer class="hstack flex-wrap gap-4 small border-t pt-4">
  <span class="font-semibold">Glowia</span> <a href="#">About</a><a href="#">Careers</a><a href="#">Press</a><a href="#">Help centre</a> <span class="ms-auto text-muted">&copy; 2026</span> 
</footer>

10Chat bubbles

A vstack where align-self-start and align-self-end place incoming and outgoing messages.

Leave a gift in your will and help future generations.

You receive photos and updates showing exactly what your donation achieved.

Monthly gifts let us plan ahead and respond quickly when disaster strikes.

We listen first, then build a plan around what you actually need.

<div class="vstack gap-2">
  <div class="px-4 py-2 rounded-lg small bg-surface-3 self-start" style="max-width:80%">
    Leave a gift in your will and help future generations.
  </div>
  <div class="px-4 py-2 rounded-lg small text-bg-primary self-end" style="max-width:80%">
    You receive photos and updates showing exactly what your donation achieved.
  </div>
  <div class="px-4 py-2 rounded-lg small bg-surface-3 self-start" style="max-width:80%">
    Monthly gifts let us plan ahead and respond quickly when disaster strikes.
  </div>
  <div class="px-4 py-2 rounded-lg small text-bg-primary self-end" style="max-width:80%">
    We listen first, then build a plan around what you actually need.
  </div>
</div>

11Wrapping tag row

hstack plus flex-wrap and gap-1 keeps tags tidy when they run onto a second line.

EnvironmentAnimalsEducationHealthRelief

<div class="hstack flex-wrap gap-1">
  <span class="badge rounded-full text-bg-light border">Environment</span><span class="badge rounded-full text-bg-light border">Animals</span><span class="badge rounded-full text-bg-light border">Education</span><span class="badge rounded-full text-bg-light border">Health</span><span class="badge rounded-full text-bg-light border">Relief</span>
</div>

12Settings rows

Each setting is an hstack with the label on the left and a switch pushed right with ms-auto.

Email notifications

Dark mode

<div class="vstack border rounded-md">
  <div class="hstack gap-4 p-4 border-b">
    <span class="text-lg text-primary-ink"><i class="bi bi-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> 
    <label class="form-check-label" for="hp-switch-1239">Email notifications</label>
    <div class="form-check form-switch ms-auto mb-0">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" role="switch" id="hp-switch-1239" checked>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="hstack gap-4 p-4">
    <span class="text-lg text-primary-ink"><i class="bi bi-moon-stars" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> 
    <label class="form-check-label" for="hp-switch-1240">Dark mode</label>
    <div class="form-check form-switch ms-auto mb-0">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" role="switch" id="hp-switch-1240">
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

13Stats with dividers

An hstack of figures separated by vertical rules.

5.6k

Clients

151

Projects

4.5

Rating

<div class="hstack gap-4 md:gap-6 p-4 border rounded-md justify-center text-center">
  <div>
    <div class="text-xl font-bold">
      5.6k
    </div>
    <small class="text-muted">Clients</small>
  </div>
  <div class="vr">
  </div>
  <div>
    <div class="text-xl font-bold">
      151
    </div>
    <small class="text-muted">Projects</small>
  </div>
  <div class="vr">
  </div>
  <div>
    <div class="text-xl font-bold">
      4.5
    </div>
    <small class="text-muted">Rating</small>
  </div>
</div>

14Card meta line

An hstack in a card footer for author, date and a like counter.

Looking back at a busy season

Local partners know their communities and make sure help arrives where it matters.

Isla Varga·Apr 27, 2026 22

<div class="card" style="max-width:24rem">
  <div class="card-body">
    <h3 class="h6">Looking back at a busy season</h3>
    <p class="small mb-0">Local partners know their communities and make sure help arrives where it matters.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="card-footer hstack gap-2 small text-muted">
    <img src="../assets/img/avatar-1.svg" alt="" width="24" height="24" class="rounded-full"> <span>Isla Varga</span><span>&middot;</span><span>Apr 27, 2026</span> <span class="ms-auto"><i class="bi bi-heart" aria-hidden="true"></i> 22</span> 
  </div>
</div>

15Order timeline

A vstack of steps, each an hstack of status badge and text.

Order placedSep 1, 2026

PackedApr 20, 2026

ShippedOct 8, 2026

DeliveredExpected Dec 4, 2026

<div class="vstack gap-4">
  <div class="hstack gap-4">
    <span class="badge rounded-full text-bg-success"><i class="bi bi-check-lg" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>
    <div class="vstack">
      <strong class="small">Order placed</strong><small class="text-muted">Sep 1, 2026</small>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="hstack gap-4">
    <span class="badge rounded-full text-bg-success"><i class="bi bi-check-lg" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>
    <div class="vstack">
      <strong class="small">Packed</strong><small class="text-muted">Apr 20, 2026</small>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="hstack gap-4">
    <span class="badge rounded-full text-bg-success"><i class="bi bi-check-lg" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>
    <div class="vstack">
      <strong class="small">Shipped</strong><small class="text-muted">Oct 8, 2026</small>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="hstack gap-4">
    <span class="badge rounded-full text-bg-secondary"><i class="bi bi-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>
    <div class="vstack">
      <strong class="small">Delivered</strong><small class="text-muted">Expected Dec 4, 2026</small>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

16Search bar

An hstack combining a search field, a filter select and a button.

<form class="hstack gap-2 flex-wrap sm:flex-nowrap" role="search">
  <label class="sr-only" for="hp-search-1241">Search</label>
  <input class="form-control" id="hp-search-1241" type="search" placeholder="Search environment"> 
  <label class="sr-only" for="hp-search-1241-type">Type</label>
  <select class="form-select w-auto" id="hp-search-1241-type">
    <option>All</option>
    <option>Recent</option>
  </select>
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" aria-label="Search"><i class="bi bi-search" aria-hidden="true"></i></button>
</form>

17File rows

Attachment rows with icon, name and size, and a download button aligned right.

report-2025.pdf602 KB

proposal-2026.docx542 KB

budget-2026.xlsx763 KB

<div class="vstack gap-2">
  <div class="hstack gap-4 p-2 border rounded-md">
    <span class="text-xl text-danger-emphasis"><i class="bi bi-filetype-pdf" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>
    <div class="vstack">
      <span class="small font-semibold">report-2025.pdf</span><small class="text-muted">602 KB</small>
    </div>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-light ms-auto" aria-label="Download report"><i class="bi bi-download" aria-hidden="true"></i></button>
  </div>
  <div class="hstack gap-4 p-2 border rounded-md">
    <span class="text-xl text-primary-ink"><i class="bi bi-filetype-docx" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>
    <div class="vstack">
      <span class="small font-semibold">proposal-2026.docx</span><small class="text-muted">542 KB</small>
    </div>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-light ms-auto" aria-label="Download proposal"><i class="bi bi-download" aria-hidden="true"></i></button>
  </div>
  <div class="hstack gap-4 p-2 border rounded-md">
    <span class="text-xl text-success-emphasis"><i class="bi bi-filetype-xlsx" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>
    <div class="vstack">
      <span class="small font-semibold">budget-2026.xlsx</span><small class="text-muted">763 KB</small>
    </div>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-light ms-auto" aria-label="Download budget"><i class="bi bi-download" aria-hidden="true"></i></button>
  </div>
</div>

18Nested stacks

A vstack page section whose header is an hstack: stacks nest freely.

Volunteer programs

10 View all

Our annual report is independently audited and published in full.

<section class="vstack gap-4 p-4 border rounded-md">
  <div class="hstack gap-2">
    <h3 class="h5 mb-0">Volunteer programs</h3>
    <span class="badge text-bg-primary">10</span> <a class="ms-auto small" href="#">View all</a> 
  </div>
  <p class="mb-0 small">Our annual report is independently audited and published in full.</p>
  <div class="hstack gap-2">
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary">Open</button>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-light">Share</button>
  </div>
</section>

19Gap sizes compared

The same hstack with gap-0, gap-2 and gap-4 to compare spacing.

gap-0

Item

gap-2

Item

gap-4

Item

<div class="vstack gap-4">
  <div>
    <small class="text-muted">gap-0</small>
    <div class="hstack gap-0">
      <div class="p-2 bg-primary-subtle border border-primary/30 rounded-md small">
        Item
      </div>
      <div class="p-2 bg-primary-subtle border border-primary/30 rounded-md small">
        Item
      </div>
      <div class="p-2 bg-primary-subtle border border-primary/30 rounded-md small">
        Item
      </div>
      <div class="p-2 bg-primary-subtle border border-primary/30 rounded-md small">
        Item
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div>
    <small class="text-muted">gap-2</small>
    <div class="hstack gap-2">
      <div class="p-2 bg-primary-subtle border border-primary/30 rounded-md small">
        Item
      </div>
      <div class="p-2 bg-primary-subtle border border-primary/30 rounded-md small">
        Item
      </div>
      <div class="p-2 bg-primary-subtle border border-primary/30 rounded-md small">
        Item
      </div>
      <div class="p-2 bg-primary-subtle border border-primary/30 rounded-md small">
        Item
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div>
    <small class="text-muted">gap-4</small>
    <div class="hstack gap-6">
      <div class="p-2 bg-primary-subtle border border-primary/30 rounded-md small">
        Item
      </div>
      <div class="p-2 bg-primary-subtle border border-primary/30 rounded-md small">
        Item
      </div>
      <div class="p-2 bg-primary-subtle border border-primary/30 rounded-md small">
        Item
      </div>
      <div class="p-2 bg-primary-subtle border border-primary/30 rounded-md small">
        Item
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

20Responsive stack direction

Stacks are vertical on phones and switch to a row from md with flex-md-row.

PlanA school kit costs less than a cinema ticket and lasts a whole year.

BuildStart in minutes and get help from a real person whenever you need it.

LaunchNinety cents of every dollar goes directly to the projects you support.

<div class="vstack md:flex-row gap-4">
  <div class="p-4 border rounded-md flex-auto">
    <strong class="block"><i class="bi bi-pencil" aria-hidden="true"></i> Plan</strong><small>A school kit costs less than a cinema ticket and lasts a whole year.</small>
  </div>
  <div class="p-4 border rounded-md flex-auto">
    <strong class="block"><i class="bi bi-hammer" aria-hidden="true"></i> Build</strong><small>Start in minutes and get help from a real person whenever you need it.</small>
  </div>
  <div class="p-4 border rounded-md flex-auto">
    <strong class="block"><i class="bi bi-rocket-takeoff" aria-hidden="true"></i> Launch</strong><small>Ninety cents of every dollar goes directly to the projects you support.</small>
  </div>
</div>